Does My Dog Have Hip Dysplasia?
What Should I Do?
Golden Retrievers are pure sunshine. They inspire absolute devotion in their owners. With their golden coats and loving, loyal natures, Golden Retrievers are intelligent, friendly and eager-to-please. They are great in families with young children. As the name implies, they love to retrieve / fetch. They originate from Scotland as gun dogs and have an inherent urge to work hard in fieldwork and hunting, or even grabbing your shoe and bringing it to you. They also love water. Their intelligence makes them ideal guide dogs for the blind.
Golden Retrievers are very active dogs and need to be exercised properly. If not, they may start acting up and having behavioural difficulties. They thrive on canine sports such as agility, obedience, and tracking. However, it’s also important to keep an eye out for them overdoing high-impact sports, as Golden Retrievers do have a tendency to joint issues.Golden Retrievers and Hip Dysplasia
Dog hip dysplasia is one of the most pressing health issue concerns for Golden Retriever owners. Learning about golden retriever hip dysplasia, and understanding how to identify the early signs of it, will help you catch it early should it develop, and therefore manage it more effectively.
Although generally a healthy breed, make sure your Golden Retriever has parents who’ve been screened for elbow and hip dysplasia, because of this predisposition for joint issues.
In fact, it’s been estimated by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals’ hip dysplasia database that 19.6% of all US Golden Retrievers have shown abnormal or dysplastic hips.
Unfortunately, irresponsible breeding has also contributed towards higher than average incidents of skin irritation and allergies, ear infections, hypothyroidism, eye problems (including cataracts and pigmentary uveitis), certain heart diseases, certain types of cancer (Lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, and mast cell tumours), and bloating (gastric dilation-volvulus - a life threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists on itself.)
Your Golden Retriever should also be tested to see whether they’re a carrier for a breed specific genetic mutation - NCL5 - that causes neurological issues. Sadly if they’ve inherited this gene from both parents, it’s likely they’ll go on to develop the disease themselves, which is degenerative and ultimately fatal.
This Guide will take you through the condition, how to look out for it, what to do if your Golden Retriever is diagnosed, and what steps to take to minimise the likelihood of your Golden Retriever developing it.
It’s important to understand hip dysplasia in Golden Retrievers so that you can recognise the signs should your dog become afflicted and know how to manage it if it does develop. Even with hip dysplasia, by following the right strategy, your Golden Retriever can still thrive and maintain a good quality of life.
Hip dysplasia is when the ball of the thigh bone (femur) doesn’t sit properly in the ‘socket’ of the hip joint. Usually they sit together very well to allow smooth and easy movement.
With hip dysplasia however, the bones rub together painfully, instead of gliding smoothly against each other. This can happen because the hip ligament is too lax (loose), which means the joint is unstable and results in the hip and thigh bones meeting each other in the wrong place and with the wrong amount of pressure, resulting in the hip socket becoming deformed. Or it can happen because the hip socket is already abnormally formed e.g. too shallow or the ball of the femur not properly formed.
Either way, the hip joint ends up being loose and unstable. It moves too much. This ends up causing pain, swelling, and arthritis. It can also cause the hip cartilage to be damaged and deteriorate, making the situation even worse.
There are a number of causes of hip dysplasia, including genetic and environmental factors. These include rapid growth, excessive weight gain, poor nutrition, hormones and genetic factors. It’s currently estimated that there are roughly 100 gene codes for hip dysplasia.
Environmental factors on their own are less likely to cause hip dysplasia. However, they can influence the likelihood that it'll develop in genetically predisposed Golden Retrievers.
These factors will also influence the level of severity at which it’ll develop. One very important factor is nutrition. A Golden Retriever puppy's growth rate and weight have an effect on how the hip joints develop. So it's important to get nutrition right.
While the exact cause of hip dysplasia is not fully understood, these are currently recognised as contributing factors:
Genetics play a significant role in the development of hip dysplasia. Individual Golden Retrievers with a family history of the condition are more likely to inherit the predisposition.
Most dogs who develop hip dysplasia inherit the condition from one or both of their parents. It’s seen much more commonly in pedigree dogs than in cross-breeds. Cross-breeds from pedigree parents are also at risk.
Breeds known for a higher prevalence of hip dysplasia include large and giant breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Great Danes.
Because of the known genetic link, it’s possible to screen for hip dysplasia before two dogs are mated. Parents’ hip (and elbow) scores are worth checking before buying a puppy. Parents with poor scores will likely produce offspring with an inherited predisposition to developing hip dysplasia.
Hip dysplasia involves abnormal development of the hip joint, leading to instability and laxity. This laxity can result from a genetic predisposition that affects the formation and structure of the joint.
Fast growth and excessive weight gain in puppies can contribute to the development of hip dysplasia. This is particularly relevant for large and giant breeds, as rapid growth can outpace the development of the joint structures.
Poor nutrition during a dog's early development, including an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, may contribute to the risk of hip dysplasia. Providing a well-balanced diet appropriate for the dog's age and size is crucial for skeletal health. Dogs which are overweight while young are at an increased risk of hip (and elbow) dysplasia.
Environmental factors, such as inappropriate exercise during a dog's growth phase, can contribute to the development of hip dysplasia. Over-exercising or doing activities that put excessive stress on the hip joints, such as jumping or running on hard surfaces, will either increase the chance of hip dysplasia developing, or exacerbate the condition.
Hormonal influences, including sex hormones, can affect the development of hip dysplasia. For example, females may experience increased laxity in the hip joint during their estrous cycles.
Early detection, appropriate nutrition, controlled exercise, and regular veterinary check-ups are essential for managing and preventing hip dysplasia in dogs.
Some Golden Retrievers will display signs of hip dysplasia while they’re still growing. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the condition. Onset of clinical signs vary but it’s most commonly diagnosed between 6 and 12 months of age. These signs can start from as young as 4 months. So if you notice your puppy is displaying any of the below signs, take them for a veterinary check-up.
In older Golden Retrievers, hip dysplasia is often diagnosed alongside osteoarthritis which inevitably develops as a secondary condition to hip dysplasia.
Hip dysplasia symptoms vary, depending on its severity. Inflammation levels, joint laxity, and length of time your dog’s been suffering from it, will also affect how symptoms present themselves.
If you see your Golden Retriever displaying any of these signs, take them to the vet for a check-up. As with many conditions, the longer hip dysplasia is left untreated, the harder it is to manage and the worse it becomes. Prompt veterinary attention can make a significant difference.
When your Golden Retriever’s at the vet, they’ll undergo a physical examination and X-Rays will be taken. Your vet will also possibly recommend blood tests. Generally changes in the hip joint show up on the X-Rays, although that’s not 100% guaranteed.
It’s likely that your vet will refer your dog to a specialist Orthopaedic surgeon. The Orthopaedic surgeon will carry out a thorough assessment, including the ‘Ortolani’ test - a manipulative test for evaluating hip joint laxity. To do this, your dog will have to be heavily sedated or put under general anaesthetic.
The ‘Ortolani’ test started being used on human children in 1937. It’s considered the ‘gold standard’ early diagnostic test for hip dysplasia. Vets began using it on puppies in 1985. It’s been shown that if the Ortolani Sign is present, it confirms that the puppy will have hip arthritis by the time it’s 1 year old. This exam can be performed by many vets on puppies as young as 10 to 16 weeks of age.
Additional diagnostic imaging might be recommended. X-Rays, CT, and MRI scans are all done under general anaesthetic. At this stage, you’ll probably be given a provisional diagnosis.
When the Orthopaedic surgeon has gathered all the information needed, you’ll be able to discuss a treatment plan.
The approach you take to manage your Golden Retriever’s hip dysplasia will be determined by the severity of the condition, your Golden Retriever’s age, and the Orthopaedic specialist’s guidance on whether or not surgery is appropriate.
There are broadly two routes:
This means to manage hip dysplasia without surgery, including lifestyle adjustments and rehabilitation. Components of conservative management include:
It’s worth noting that post-surgical care often looks similar to conservative management.
If your Golden Retriever requires surgery for their hip dysplasia, then much of their ongoing care post-operatively involves the same treatments as outlined above. Limited and controlled exercise, physiotherapy, weight control, use of a supportive hip dysplasia brace for dogs, anti-inflammatory painkillers, and joint supplements to help support healthy joints and mitigate the onset of arthritis.
There are different types of operations your Golden Retriever could potentially undergo. Some modify the hip anatomy. Some are to arrest the damage being done, and are known as ‘salvage’ surgeries. Your dog’s age, condition, and lifestyle will determine what type of surgery is undertaken.
Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)
Part of the pelvis is fused in order to alter growth, so that the location of the ball part of the ‘ball-and-socket’ hip joint is improved. Surgery is simple and involves electrical cauterization of part of the pubis (on the underside of the pelvis). Dogs must be a maximum of 5 months of age for the surgery to be effective. To be eligible, mild-to-moderate laxity will have been confirmed using manipulative and radiographic tests. Dogs usually develop clinical signs when they’re at least 6 months old, so JPS is usually a prophylactic (preventative) surgery. Dogs treated by JPS have to be neutered at the same time.
Double or triple pelvic osteotomy (DPO/TPO)
Young dogs less than 10 months old (clinically immature) are usually the most suitable recipients of this surgery. The objective of the operation is to improve the function of the ball and socket joint by selectively cutting and modifying the pelvic bone and rotating the segments. As a result, the ‘capture’ of the ball by the existing socket is improved. A custom plate and screws are then used to fix bone segments into their new position. Healing of the bone takes approximately 4-6 weeks. TPO is only effective in dogs that have hip laxity. There can’t be any osteoarthritis or secondary bone remodelling. Suitability for this operation is assessed by a specific series of manipulative tests and radiographs. These tests are performed by both experienced orthopaedic surgeons and advanced diagnostic imagers. Pre-surgery, it’s also recommended that arthroscopic examination confirms there’s no cartilage damage to the joint. This technique has been recently refined so that the pelvis is only cut in two places (double pelvic osteotomy) rather than three.
Femoral head ostectomy (FHO)
It’s possible for both young and mature dogs to have the FHO operation, which is a salvage procedure. The “ball” of the femoral head is cut off. The body then creates a “false” joint and the pain associated with hip dysplasia is significantly reduced. This operation won’t restore normal hip function. Rather, its objective is pain management, because painful contact between the bones of the “ball” and the edge of the hip socket is removed. An FHO is often done when a THR isn’t possible, either for financial reasons or because an individual dog’s makes them ineligible as a candidate for the surgery. Clinical outcome isn’t assured and can be unpredictable. This is especially true for bigger dogs. Intensive physical rehabilitation is essential after this surgery to make it worthwhile, so that your dog’s able to return to a meaningful level of mobility and activity.
Total hip replacement (THR)
This is the most effective canine hip dysplasia treatment. The entire diseased hip joint is cut out and replaced with plastic (“the socket”) and metal (the “ball”) implants. Hip function returns to a more normal range. This surgery also eliminates most of the pain and discomfort of hip dysplasia, because bony surfaces are no longer in contact with each other. There’s a high success rate for THR - up to 90-95% of dogs. Most will return to full levels of activity.
Other considerations
As part of managing your Golden Retriever’s hip dysplasia, it’s worth addressing their diet and nutrition to ensure that they’re at the right weight and get the right food to ensure that they’re getting the right nutrition. Consult with your veterinarian and physiotherapist about an appropriate exercise routine. Any high impact exercise, such as jumping or twisting to catch balls, should be avoided. Golden Retrievers generally love to swim, and hydrotherapy is one way you can maintain your Golden Retriever’s cardiovascular fitness and start re-building any lost muscles, without putting undue pressure on their hip joints. It’s likely your physiotherapist will give you exercises that your dog can do at home under your supervision, to keep their core muscles activated and engage the correct muscles to support the biomechanics of the hip.
Generally, well managed hip dysplasia shouldn’t impact your Golden Retriever’s life expectancy. Golden Retrievers with hip dysplasia can generally expect to live long and happy lives. However, if you’re worried about quality of life, discuss everything with your vet. This questionnaire asks the right questions to help you assess your Golden Retriever’s quality of life.
As Golden Retriever hip dysplasia is often an inherited genetic condition, it can sometimes be impossible to prevent. However, limiting the factors (e.g. overexercising, obesity etc) that contribute to its development can make a significant difference to the level of severity with which hip dysplasia presents.
In particular, consider:
Likewise, if you’re thinking about breeding, it’s recommended that you should only breed Golden Retriever parents who’ve both got hip scores below or close to the published breed median.
Zoomadog has helped many dogs with hip dysplasia, including a number of Golden Retrievers. The following products are all helpful for Golden Retrievers with varying levels of hip dysplasia. If you’re unsure about what your dog needs, please contact us by phone or email us at woof@zoomadog.co.uk
CASE STUDY: Mindy the Maltese: “Our six year old Maltese, Mindy, was diagnosed with dysplastic hips last year. She was in pain, lethargic, and constantly held her right leg in the air. We wanted an alternative to surgery and anesthesia; we also wanted something natural, and not animal tested. We decided your product was worth a try, and within three weeks, she was walking normally again. She’s happy and she can run and play again. Thanks ever so much.”
CASE STUDY #1: Elderly Golden Retriever with Arthritis: “I have to say that I have found this company extremely helpful with the diagnosis and treatment for my elderly lab with arthritis… The products have helped us no end, and the supplements (Winstons) have given our boy a new lease of life…. Thank you to the Zoomadog team for helping him in his older years.”
CASE STUDY #2: 7 year old Golden Retriever: “Love Winston’s pain formula, it is already helping! I see a difference in our 7 year old Golden Retriever. He has been fighting some joint pain and this medicine is relieving his pain, so we can enjoy some good walks again.”
CASE STUDY: Dog with bilateral hip dysplasia: “Best product!! My dog has bilateral hip dysplasia and this has helped her tremendously!!! Great product !!!”
CASE STUDY: Kim the Dog: “Just dropping you a note to let you know that Kim is doing great on your Glycanaid supplements! The stiffness and weakness in her back legs are almost gone. I would recommend these to anyone whose dog suffers from joint problems, I will be using them on both my dogs now.”
CASE STUDY: Golden Retriever with hip dysplasia and arthritis: “Absolutely fantastic for my 12.5 years old Golden Retriever which has hip dysplasia and arthritis, it’s given him a new lease of life. Thank you.”
Golden Retriever Wheelchair You will need to give us your Golden Retriever’s weight, back leg length (measured as if your Lab is standing normally - not fully extended - this measurement can be taken with your Golden Retriever lying down) and your Golden Retriever’s ATR (armpit to rump measurement). See the diagram below:
CASE STUDY Dotty the Golden Retriever: “Our 14 year old Golden Retriever who has arthritis in his spine and is losing the use of his back legs, took to it very quickly. We have been walking him using a harness for the last year so he is very strong in his front end which I think has helped…We are building up to a 10 minute walk slowly, but signs are good that it will help him walk a bit further and help our backs too!”
Seeing your beloved Golden Retriever in pain, and losing their usual bouncy, energetic and playful manner, all because of hip dysplasia can be stressful and upsetting. However, taking the correct steps, with a focus on reducing pain, halting the progression of the condition, and maintaining your dog’s mobility and quality of life, means that you can make a significant difference to your Golden Retriever’s experience of hip dysplasia. Even simple changes, like ensuring your Golden Retriever is at the right weight, and getting non-slip socks if you have slippery floors, can make life much easier for a Golden Retriever with hip dysplasia.
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with Hip Dysplasia
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